Kiến thức, thái độ, thực hành về bệnh lây truyền qua đường tình dục của học sinh phổ thông trung học tại thành phố Ninh Bình=Knowledge, attitude and practice about sexually transmitted diseases among high school students in Ninh Binh city

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Tác giả: Thị Hằng Hoa Bùi, Thị Thanh Mai Hà, Thị Thu Hương Nguyễn, Thị Thu Thủy Nguyễn, Thị Lan Phạm, Thị Minh Phương Phạm, Nguyệt Minh Vũ

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Da liễu học Việt Nam, 2024

Mô tả vật lý: tr.53-63

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 244969

Thêm vào giỏ

Khảo sát thực trạng kiến thức, thái độ, thực hành về bệnh lây truyền qua đường tình dục (BLTQĐTD) của học sinh trung học phổ thông tại thành phố Ninh Bình. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 1101 học sinh. Kết quả: Học sinh nam chiếm 52,2%, 96,1% học sinh sống với bố mẹ và 73,4% sống ở thành phố. Về kiến thức: Phần lớn học sinh trả lời đúng ≥ 50% câu hỏi về bệnh lây truyền qua đường tình dục, chiếm gần 77%. Có 92,5% học sinh biết về bệnh LTQĐTD. Trong số đó, tỷ lệ rất lớn có những nhận thức sai về bệnh: Gần 37% học sinh cho rằng đây là bệnh di truyền
91% biết đến bệnh HIV/AIDS, chỉ hơn 17% biết về bệnh Chlamydia. Dấu hiệu nghi ngờ bệnh LTQĐTD ít được học sinh biết đến nhất là “đau bụng ngoài kỳ kinh” (với chỉ 30,7%)
còn nhiều học sinh trả lời các đường lây chưa đúng: 29,1% trả lời là “hôn nhau”, 27% cho rằng dùng chung đồ ăn/thức uống có thể gây ra bệnh, 24,4% cho rằng đường lây là “dùng chung quần áo”. Về thái độ: Hơn 7% học sinh không sợ mắc bệnh, gần 6% không sợ biến chứng và có tới hơn 16% học sinh sợ bị xa lánh khi mắc bệnh LTQĐTD. Hơn 34% học sinh nghĩ sẽ không thổ lộ với bố mẹ khi nghi mắc bệnh LTQĐTD. Thậm chí, có 2,8% học sinh dự định không nói với ai. Về thực hành: Học sinh sẽ đi khám ngay lập tức nếu có biểu hiện nghi ngờ bệnh (95,6%), cũng như khuyên bạn tình đi khám ngay (95,5%). 95,2% cho rằng nên tiêm vắc xin để phòng các bệnh này
hơn 81% trả lời kiêng quan hệ tình dục. Tuy nhiên, vẫn còn hơn 8% học sinh có tiếp tục quan hệ tình dục với người khác khi bị mắc bệnh. Một tỷ lệ tương đối học sinh tự mua thuốc về chữa (5,3%), đến gặp thầy lang (5,2%) và 4% trả lời không chữa gì vì có thể tự khỏi. Kết luận: Kiến thức, thái độ và thực hành của học sinh về BLTQĐTD ở mức trung bình. Cần có thêm nhiều biện pháp tuyên truyền, giáo dục để cải thiện tình trạng này.To survey the current status of knowledge, attitudes, practices, and related factors regarding sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among high school students in Ninh Binh city. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted involving 1101 students. Results: Male students accounted for 52.2%, with 96.1% living with their parents and 73.4% residing in the city. Regarding knowledge: The majority of students correctly answered ≥ 50% of questions about sexually transmitted diseases, accounting for nearly 77%. 92.5% of students were aware of STIs, with a significant proportion holding misconceptions about the disease
nearly 37% of students believed it to be a genetic disease. Regarding specific STDs, 91% were aware of HIV/AIDS, but only just over 17% knew about Chlamydia. The least recognized sign of suspected STIs among students was “abdominal pain outside of menstruation,” with only 30.7% awareness. Many students answered incorrectly regarding transmission routes: 29.1% cited “kissing,” 27% mentioned sharing food/drinks, and 24.4% believed sharing clothes could transmit the disease. Regarding attitudes: More than 7% of students were not afraid of contracting the disease, nearly 6% were not concerned about complications, and over 16% feared social stigma if diagnosed with an STI. Additionally, more than 34% of students indicated they would not confide in their parents if they suspected they had an STI, and 2.8% planned not to disclose it to anyone. Regarding practices: The majority of students (95.6%) reported they would see a doctor immediately if they noticed signs of an STI, and a similar percentage (95.5%) would advise their partners to seek medical attention. 95.2% believed vaccination should be undertaken to prevent these diseases, and over 81% indicated they would abstain from sex. However, more than 8% of students admitted to continuing sexual activity while infected. Additionally, a proportion of students sought their own medication (5.3%), visited traditional healers (5.2%), and 4% believed no treatment was necessary as they could recover independently. Conclusions: Students’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding STDs are at an average level More extensive propaganda and educational efforts are needed to improve this situation.

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