Nghiên cứu đặc tính rác thải sinh hoạt tại Việt Nam làm nhiên liệu cho quá trình sản xuất năng lượng=Study on characteristics of municipal solid waste in vietnam for energy applications

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Tác giả: Thanh Quang Nguyễn

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Khoa học và Công nghệ (ĐH Công nghiệp TP. HCM), 2024

Mô tả vật lý: tr.64-71

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 244998

Thêm vào giỏ

Công nghệ đốt chất thải để thu hồi năng lượng được xem là phương pháp tiềm năng trong xử lý rác thải, tuy nhiên hiệu quả tận dụng nhiệt không cao với nguồn rác thải sinh hoạt ở Việt Nam có hàm lượng hữu cơ cao (60 - 70%) và nhiệt trị thấp (4500 – 6000kJ/kg). Trong nghiên cứu này, nguồn rác được xem như một loại nhiên liệu, ảnh hưởng của ẩm đầu vào và thành phần chất hữu cơ và vô cơ đến nhiệt trị và hiệu quả sử dụng nhiệt của rác được đánh giá. Kết quả cho thấy, khi thành phần hữu cơ trong rác giảm từ 65,8% còn 43,6%, nhiệt trị thấp tăng lên 1,44 lần từ 5432 kJ/kg đến 7839 kJ/kg, so với mẫu rác ban đầu. Trong khi đó, nếu tách ra được khoảng 80% hữu cơ thì nhiệt trị rác tăng lên đến gần 10.000kJ/kg. Hệ số không khí thừa giảm từ 1,8 xuống 1,5 cũng làm tăng nhiệt độ lên 120oC. Kết quả chỉ ra khi độ ẩm ban đầu là 37,8% giảm 25,8%, thì công suất nhiệt tăng lên 4,7%. Khi độ rác còn khoảng 10% thì nhiệt độ buồng đốt sẽ tăng lên lên 60-70oC. Kết quả đạt được là cơ sở để xác định dòng nhiệt để xác định cân bằng vật chất và năng lượng trong xử lý rác thu hồi nhiệt.Waste-to-energy technology, which recovers energy, is considered a potential method for waste treatment. However, the efficiency of heat utilization is not high with the source of municipal solid waste in Vietnam, which has a high organic content (60-70%) and low calorific value (4500-6000kJ/kg). In this study, the waste source was considered as a fuel, the influence of the input moisture and the composition of organic and inorganic matter on the calorific value and the heat use efficiency of the waste were evaluated. The results showed that when the organic content in the waste decreased from 65.8% to 43.6%, the low heating value increased by 1.44 times, from 5432 kJ/kg to 7839 kJ/kg compared to the original waste sample. When the organic matter could be separated by 80%, the waste heat value would increase to about 10,000kJ/kg. The excess air coefficient decreased from 1.8 to 1.5, increasing the temperature to 120°C. When the initial moisture of 37.8% decreased by 25.8%, the thermal capacity increased by 4.7%. When the MSW’s moisture is about 10%, the temperature of the combustion chamber will increase to 60-70°C. The obtained results could be used for determining the heat flow for the municipal solid waste to energy applications.

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