Khảo sát đặc điểm huyết đồ bệnh của bệnh β-thalassemia tại Bệnh viện Huyết học – truyền máu Cần Thơ và Bệnh viện Trường Đại học Y Dược Cần Thơ năm 2021-2022=Survey of hematological characteristics of β-thalassemia at Can Tho hematology blood transfusion hospital

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Tác giả: Thị Thanh Thảo Huỳnh, Thị Hoàng Mỹ Lê, Thị Hồng Hạnh Lê, Phước An Nguyễn, Trường Hoạt Nguyễn, Xuân Bình Nguyễn, Thế Lộc Tăng

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Y dược học Cần Thơ, 2024

Mô tả vật lý: tr.189-195

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 245164

Thêm vào giỏ

A complete blood count and peripheral blood smear give clues to diagnose betathalassemia that is caused by the reduced or absent production of the beta globin chains, therefore, we decided to investigate hematological characteristics of these patients. Objectives: To determine the characteristics of complete blood count and peripheral blood smear in β-thalassemia patients. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study on 33 patients with β-thalassemia presented at Can Tho Hematology – Blood Transfusion Hospital and Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital. Results: Red blood cell index in the minor group: RBC was 5.9±0.6(1012/L), HGB was 129.7±7.8(g/dL), MCV was 73.3±6.6(fL), MCH was 22.4±2.8(pg), RDW was 12.4±1.4(%). In the intermediate group: RBC was 3.6±1.8(1012/L), HGB was 88±42.3(g/dL), MCV was 76.2±2.1(fL), MCH was 24.6 ±0.6(pg), RDW was 19.7±5.2(%). In the severe group: RBC was 2.8±0.6(1012/L), HGB was 70.7±8(g/dL), MCV was 80.5±8(fL), MCH was 25.8±3(pg), RDW was 22.1±6.8(%). In the β- thalassemia/HbE group: RBC was 3.3±0.7(1012/L), HGB was 68.9±16(g/dL), MCV was 68.5±7(fL), MCH was 21.2±2.2(pg), RDW was 28.8±5.5(%). In terms of cell morphology, microcytic cells accounted for 100% in the minor group, 66.7% in the intermediate and severe group, 75% in β-thalassemia/HbE, the rest were irregular erythrocytes
all patients had hypochromic cells
Target cells are 57.1% in the minor group, 66.7% in the intermediate group, 33.3% in the severe group, 70% in the β-thalassemia/HbE group, the rest are poikilocytosis, only a few specimens have normal cells. Besides, on the specimen, nuclear erythrocytes, fragmented cells, and Howell-Jolly inclusion bodies were also recorded. Conclusion: Indices of complete blood count are changes: RBC, Hb, MCH, MCV almost decrease and RDW increases
besides, peripheral blood smears record typical changes: microcytes, hypochromasia, target cells, fragmented RBC and others.Tổng phân tích tế bào máu ngoại vi và hình thái hồng cầu trên phết máu ngoại vi giúp gợi ý chẩn đoán bệnh beta-thalassemia, mà vốn do sự giảm hoặc không tổng hợp được chuỗi beta-globin vì vậy chúng tôi thực hiện khảo sát đặc điểm huyết đồ trên những bệnh nhân này. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Mô tả đặc điểm tổng phân tích tế bào máu ngoại vi và hình thái hồng cầu trên phết máu ngoại vi các thể bệnh β-thalassemia. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Mô tả cắt ngang trên 33 bệnh nhân β-thalassemia đến khám, điều trị tại Bệnh viện Huyết học -Truyền máu Cần Thơ và Bệnh viện Trường Đại học Y Dược Cần Thơ từ tháng 06/2021-06/2022. Kết quả: Các chỉ số hồng cầu ở nhóm β-thalassemia thể nhẹ: RBC là 5,9±0,6(1012/L), HGB là 129,7±7,8(g/dL), MCV là 73,3±6,6(fL), MCH là 22,4±2,8(pg), RDW là 12,4±1,4(%). Ở thể trung gian: RBC là 3,6±1,8(1012/L), HGB là 88±42,3(g/dL), MCV là 76,2±2,1(fL), MCH là 24,6±0,6(pg), RDW là 19,7±5,2(%). Ở thể nặng: RBC là 2,8±0,6(1012/L), HGB là 70,7±8(g/dL), MCV là 80,5±8(fL), MCH là 25,8±3(pg), RDW là 22,1±6,8(%.). Ở thể β-thalassemia/HbE: RBC là 3,3±0,7(1012/L), HGB là 68,9±16(g/dL), MCV là 68,5±7(fL), MCH là 21,2±2,2(pg), RDW là 28,8±5,5(%). Về hình thái tế bào, hồng cầu nhỏ chiếm 100% ở thể nhẹ, 66,7% ở thể trung gian và nặng, 75% ở thể β-thalassemia/HbE, phần còn lại là hồng cầu không đều
tất cả đối tượng đều có hồng cầu nhược sắc
hồng cầu hình bia chiếm 57,1% ở thể nhẹ, 66,7% ở thể trung gian, 33,3% ở thể nặng, 70% ở thể β-thalassemia/HbE, còn lại là hồng cầu đa hình dạng, ít tiêu bản có hồng cầu bình thường. Ngoài ra, còn ghi nhận hồng cầu nhân, mảnh vỡ hồng cầu, thể vùi Howell-Jolly. Kết luận: Các chỉ số hồng cầu trên tổng phần tích ngoại vi bị thay đổi: RBC, Hb, MCH, MCV giảm và RDW tăng
trên phết máu ngoại vi ghi nhận hình thái điển hình của bệnh: hồng cầu nhỏ, nhược sắc, hồng cầu hình bia, mảnh vỡ và các đặc điểm khác.

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