QUÁN CÀ PHÊ TRONG TIỂU THUYẾT CỦA PATRICK MODIANO: MỘT THA XỨ KÍ ỨC=THE CAFÉ IN PATRICK MODIANO’S NOVELS: A HETEROTOPIA OF MEMORY

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Tác giả: Thanh Nhàn Trần

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Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học - Trường Đại học Sư phạm Hà Nội: Khoa học Xã hội, 2024

Mô tả vật lý: tr.31

Bộ sưu tập: Báo, Tạp chí

ID: 246659

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Không gian, nhất là các quán cà phê, làmột kí hiệu quan trọng trong tiểu thuyết của PatrickModiano và là một trong những đặc trưng nhậndạng danh tính của ông trên văn đàn Pháp nói riêngvà thế giới nói chung. Phần lớn công trình nghiêncứu đều nhìn nhận không gian cà phê từ góc độ tâmlí học hoặc khu biệt về các dạng không - thời gian(chronotope) theo quan điểm của Bakhtin. Tuynhiên với motif nhân vật lãng du (flâneur) và kẻhồi tưởng (rememberer), hướng tiếp cận như thế đãvô tình bỏ qua mối quan hệ mật thiết vốn khôngthể tách rời giữa ba vấn đề phổ biến trong tiểuthuyết của Modiano: không gian-kí ức-căn tính. Từlí thuyết về tha xứ (hétérotopie/ heterotopia) củaMichel Foucault và địa bàn kí ức (lieux demémoire) của Pierre Nora, bài viết hướng đến xemxét không gian quán cà phê trong tiểu thuyếtModiano như là một không gian kí ức, hay đúnghơn là tha xứ kí ức. Qua đó, không gian nói chung,quán cà phê nói riêng, dưới cái nhìn của Modiano,vừa phóng chiếu nội tâm vừa là bảo tàng kí ức, mộttha xứ cho những kẻ bị lãng quên. Nơi đây lưu giữkí ức cá nhân cùng mối liên hệ giữa chủ thể với xãhội và môi trường xung quanh. Sự thay đổi, biếnmất của những tha xứ kí ức này phản ánh mộtkhông gian đô thị tan rã do quá trình gia tốc củalịch sử cùng thời gian. Qua đó độc giả nhận ra sựđứt gãy trong quá trình xác lập căn tính cũng nhưtrong mối liên hệ giữa người – ngườiThe space or landscape, particularlycafés, is a significant sign in Patrick Modiano’snovels and one of the defining characteristics of hisidentity in French literary circles as well as in theliterary world. Most studies have examined thecafé space from a psychological perspective orthrough the lens of Bakhtin's chronotope theory.However, since Modiano’s narrators orprotagonists often appear as flaneurs andrememberers, these approaches inadvertentlydismiss the inseparable relationship between thethree mentioned themes: place-memory-identity.Drawing on Michel Foucault’s theory ofheterotopia and Pierre Nora's concept of lieux demémoire, this article considers the café space inModiano's novels as a place of memory, or moreprecisely, a heterotopia of memory. Through thislens, places in general, and the café in particular, isnot merely a cocoon of emotion for the charactersbut rather a museum of memory, a heterotopia forthe forgotten. They preserve personal memoriesand the connections between the subject and thesurrounding society and environment. Thedisappearance of these heterotopias reflects thefragmentation of urban space caused by theacceleration of history and time. Through this,readers recognize fractures in the process ofestablishing identity as well as in the relationshipsbetween people

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