Thermoresponsive polymers, materials able to undergo sharp and often reversible phase separations in response to temperature stimuli, are introducing new paradigms in different fields, including medicine, advanced separations and oil and gas. In "Advances in Thermoresponsive Polymers", a clear picture of the frontiers reached in the understanding of the mechanistic behavior associated with temperature-induced phase separation, the influence of the polymer structure in regulating the macroscopic behavior of these materials and the latest applications for which thermoresponsive polymers show great potential is provided.