Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is characterized by the presence of fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys. It is the fourth most common cause of chronic renal insufficiency or end-stage kidney disease. This book focuses on the basic and clinical aspects of the burgeoning PKD research under three sections. Section 1 provides a comprehensive guide to the diagnosis, management and treatment of PKD. Section 2 covers most of the fundamental molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying PKD, and how this knowledge is contributing to the development of potential novel therapeutic agents. Finally, section 3 focuses on extra-renal or secondary complications of PKD.