BACKGROUND: Narcolepsy impacts both patients and society, yet there is limited data on its socioeconomic consequences. METHODS: This retrospective longitudinal cohort study used pseudonymized patient-level data from Swedish registers and included narcolepsy patients from January 2015-December 2019 and age-sex matched controls. All patients received an index date corresponding to their first narcolepsy diagnosis. RESULTS: This study included 466 incident narcolepsy patients and 2330 matched controls. During the years studied, healthcare resource utilization was 2-5 times higher for incident narcolepsy patients compared to matched controls ( CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence of the magnitude of the substantial societal economic burden due to narcolepsy in Sweden, evidenced by higher healthcare resource utilization and indirect costs.