Hiện trạng kỹ thuật và quản lý chất thải trong ao nuôi tôm thẻ chân trắng (Litopenaeus vannamei) thâm canh ở tỉnh Trà Vinh=Current status of culturing techniques and wastes management in intensive whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) ponds in Tra Vinh province

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Tác giả: Quốc Phong Lê

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ - Đại học Nguyễn Tất Thành, 2024

Mô tả vật lý: tr.28

Bộ sưu tập: Báo, Tạp chí

ID: 251431

Thêm vào giỏ

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện từ tháng 9/2021 đến tháng 2/2022 thông qua phỏng vấn 40 hộ nuôi tôm thẻ chân trắng thâm canh ở tỉnh Trà Vinh nhằm đánh giá các khía cạnh kỹ thuật và hiện trạng quản lý chất thải ao nuôi tôm. Kết quả khảo sát cho thấy diện tích nuôi trung bình 0,80 ha/hộ, diện tích ao nuôi 0,19 ha/ao. Mật độ thả nuôi trung bình 195,3 con/m2. Sau thời gian nuôi 81,5 ngày/vụ, tôm đạt tỷ lệ sống 76,1 %, hệ số thức ăn 1,18 và năng suất 26,9 tấn/ha/vụ. Phân tích hồi quy cho thấy năng suất nuôi có mối tương quan chặt chẽ với mật độ, tỷ lệ sống
và tương quan nghịch với kích cỡ tôm thu hoạch, diện tích ao nuôi (R2 = 0,89). Bên cạnh đó, số hộ nuôi không xử lý nước thải và bùn thải trước khi thải ra ngoài môi trường chiếm tỷ lệ rất cao, lần lượt là 18/40 hộ (chiếm 45,0 %) và 27/40 hộ (chiếm 67,5 %). Ngoài ra, nghiên cứu cũng xác định một số khó khăn trong xử lý chất thải mà người nuôi tôm ở tỉnh Trà Vinh đang gặp phải như tốn nhiều chi phí khi xử lý chất thải, diện tích của nông hộ nuôi nhỏ và nhận thức của người nuôi về xử lý chất thải còn hạn chế. Qua đó, người nuôi cần quan tâm nhiều đến việc xử lý chất thải để phát triển bền vững nghề nuôi tôm thẻ chân trắng thâm canh ở tỉnh Trà Vinh.This study was conducted from September 2021 to February 2022 by interviewing 40 households culturing whiteleg shrimps in Tra Vinh province, Viet Nam. The aims of this study were to assess the culture techniques and management status of derived wastes from whiteleg shrimp ponds. Results have shown that the average culture area for each household was 0.80 ha and the average pond area was 0.19 ha/pond. Shrimps were stocked at a density of 195.3 individuals/m2. After culture period of 81.5 days/crop, shrimps were harvested with the survival rate around 76.1 %, feed conversion ratio was 1.18 and the average yield of 26.9 tons/ha/crop. The result from regression analysis showed that the shrimp yield was closely correlated to the stocking density, survival rate, while negatively correlated to shrimp market size and area of ponds (R2 = 0.89). In addition, the result also indicated that the number of households without treating wastewater and sediment of pond prior discharging into the enviroment were high, with 18/40 households (45.0 %) and 27/40 households (67.5 %), respectively. Moreover, shrimp farmers in Tra Vinh province are facing some difficulties in treating wastes, including the high cost of wastes treatment, small culture area and limited awareness. Therefore, farmers need concerns on treating wastes for sustainable development and intensive whiteleg shrimp farming in Tra Vinh province.

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