Mối quan hệ giữa đa dạng hóa thu nhập, vốn nhân lực, quy mô và hiệu quả tài chính của các ngân hàng thương mại cổ phần của Việt Nam niêm yết trên HOSE=The relationship between income diversification, human capital, scale and financial performance of Vietnam’s joint stock commercial banks listed on HOSE

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Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học Đại học Mở Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh - Kinh tế và Quản trị kinh doanh, 2024

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Hiệu quả hoạt động của doanh nghiệp nói chung và các ngân hàng thương mại Việt Nam nói riêng luôn là vấn đề được các nhà quản trị quan tâm. Bởi vì, hiệu quả quyết định sự tồn tại và phát triển của doanh nghiệp, ngân hàng. Đối với các ngân hàng thương mại cổ phần Việt Nam, hiệu quả còn ảnh hưởng đến nhiều vấn đề khác và đây cũng là mối quan tâm đặc biệt của khách hàng, cổ đông, nhà đầu tư. Hiện nay, các ngân hàng không còn đơn thuần hoạt động trong lĩnh vực tín dụng mà mở rộng đầu tư và phát triển các dịch vụ khác. Do đó, lợi nhuận cũng đa dạng hơn. Theo lý thuyết đa dạng hóa danh mục đầu tư và lý thuyết quan điểm dựa trên nguồn lực và lý thuyết kinh tế theo quy mô khuyến cáo, các tổ chức nên đa dạng hoạt động của mình để giảm thiểu rủi ro, gia tăng hiệu quả hoạt động. Tuy nhiên không phải hoạt động nào cũng mang lại lợi nhuận và cũng không phải ngân hàng nào cũng có thể đa dạng hóa hoạt động của mình. Nghiên cứu này sử dụng vào dữ liệu của 15 ngân hàng thương mại cổ phần ở Việt Nam có niêm yết trên HOSE trong giai đoạn 2013 - 2022, để cung cấp bằng chứng khoa học cho các nhà quản trị ngân hàng khi đưa ra quyết định đa dạng hóa hay chuyên môn hóa. Kết quả hồi quy FGLS cho thấy, đa dạng hóa, vốn nhân lực và quy mô lao động có mối quan hệ đồng biến với hiệu quả tài chính. Dựa vào kết quả này, một số hàm ý quản trị được đề xuất nhằm giúp các ngân hàng thương mại cổ phần ở Việt Nam nâng cao hiệu quả hoạt động của mình.The performance of businesses in general and specifically commercial banks in Vietnam is consistently a focal point for management. This is pivotal because the efficiency of operations determines the longevity and progress of these entities. For Vietnamese joint-stock commercial banks, their performance significantly impacts various aspects, making it a key concern for customers, shareholders, and investors alike. Presently, banks have expanded their scope beyond mere credit operations, delving into investment diversification and service expansion, thereby widening their profit avenues. Drawing from portfolio diversification theory, the resource-based view, and economies of scale theory, it’s suggested that organizations diversify their operations to minimize risks and maximize efficiency. However, not all ventures are profitable, and not all banks possess the capability to diversify effectively. Utilizing data from 15 joint-stock commercial banks listed on the HOSE between 2013 and 2022, this study aims to furnish empirical evidence to aid bank management in their decision-making regarding diversification or specialization strategies. The FGLS regression analysis reveals a positive correlation between income diversification, human capital, labor scale, and financial performance. Based on these findings, managerial strategies are recommended to help Vietnamese joint-stock commercial banks bolster their operational efficiency.

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