Mô hình phân tích kết cấu nhà nhiều tầng với phần mềm ETABS=A model of structural analysis for multi-storey buildings with ETABS software

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Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí khoa học Đại học Mở Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh - Kỹ thuật và Công nghệ, 2024

Mô tả vật lý: tr.67-83

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ID: 252020

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During the process of instructing the course Design of Multi-storey Buildings in the curriculum for Undergraduate developed by the Faculty of Civil Engineering in the Ho Chi Minh City Open University, modeling the structural system using professional packages such as SAP2000, ETABS, etc., is notably taught in the practice (within 30 period hours). For the learning outcome of the course, that is, to properly model the structural system of the building, one of the main requirements is to help learners easily practice, create, and solve the model, i.e., by some specific input data such as prescribing the element properties, assigning the loads and solving properly the model, to analyze the output in an acceptable level of accuracy. The fact is that, during the course, students have not sufficiently modeled the system, therefore the results (values of element dimensions, cross-section, etc.) are unreliable. This paper aims to point out a rigorous procedure of input data and to introduce the main content of structural modeling, with some necessary techniques, which in turn, the results of the analysis could be applied to reality. A few of the time-dependent properties of the material, concerning the column shortening, and geometric nonlinear P-Δ effects are considered in a dynamic analysis and other kinds of analyses.This study for tutorial purposes is necessary for the teaching staff, undergraduate engineering students, and partially beneficial for designers using ETABS in analysing the multi-storey buildings. Without any course outcome assessment, the limitation of the study is tentatively outlined.Trong quá trình giảng dạy môn học Thiết Kế Nhà Nhiều Tầng (NNT) thuộc Chương trình Đào tạo Kỹ sư Xây dựng của Khoa Xây Dựng, Trường Đại học Mở Thành Phố Hồ Chí Minh, việc mô hình hệ kết cấu chịu lực sử dụng phần mềm chuyên dụng như SAP2000, ETABS, … được chú trọng giảng dạy trong nội dung của phần thực hành (có thời lượng 30 tiết). Đối với yêu cầu kỹ năng đầu ra của môn học là mô phỏng được đạt mức tương đối đầy đủ sơ đồ kết cấu hệ chịu lực của tòa nhà, một vấn đề cốt lõi được đặt ra là giúp người học thông suốt được những khúc mắc trong thực hành lập và chạy mô hình, cụ thể bằng các khai báo cần thiết, gán tải trọng và chọn sơ đồ phân giải đúng, để kết quả phân tích có thể hữu dụng chấp nhận được. Thực tế, các sinh viên mô phỏng chưa đủ rốt ráo tòa nhà, nên kết quả (độ lớn, kích thước tiết diện, …) chưa đạt tính tin cậy cao. Bài báo này nhằm chỉ ra một trình tự khai báo đầy đủ, thực tiễn, và nêu những nội dung cốt lõi trong việc mô phỏng sơ đồ phân tích tòa nhà, cùng với những thủ thuật cần thiết, để bảo đảm kết quả phân tích là ứng dụng được vào thực tế nếu cần. Cụ thể, tính chất phụ thuộc thời gian của vật liệu nhằm xét đến hiệu ứng dùn cột (column shortening), hiệu ứng thứ cấp P-Δ được xét đến ra sao, phân tích động lực hệ kết cấu, và những kỹ thuật phân tích khác được khai thác. Nghiên cứu phục vụ giảng dạy này rất cần thiết cho các đồng nghiệp tham gia giảng dạy, sinh viên bậc Đại Học (ĐH) ngành Kỹ thuật Xây Dựng, và phần nào có thể giúp ích cho những người tham gia thiết kế sử dụng phần mềm ETABS trong thiết kế Nhà Nhiều Tầng. Bài báo không nêu phần đánh giá đầu ra của môn học, như một giới hạn phạm vi nghiên cứu.

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