Đánh giá khả năng tiết chitinase ngoại bào và đối kháng nấm Pyricularia oryzae của vi khuẩn và xạ khuẩn phân lập từ đất vùng rễ lúa ở tỉnh Kiên Giang=Evaluation of chitinase production ability to antagonize Pyricularia Oryzae of bacteria and actinomycete strains isolated from rice root soil in Kien Giang Province

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Tác giả: Nguyễn Hải An, Châm Lê Thị Mai, Nguyễn Thị Thùy Dương, Đinh Anh Hoà, Nguyệt Nguyễn Thị Ánh, Trần Thị Phấn, Trần Thùy Trang

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí khoa học Đại học Mở Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh - Kỹ thuật và Công nghệ, 2024

Mô tả vật lý: tr.50-66

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 252023

Thêm vào giỏ

Nấm Pyricularia oryzae là một trong những đối tượng gây bệnh đạo ôn ở cây lúa. Cơ chế lây nhiễm là xâm nhiễm trực tiếp qua màng sinh chất, tiết ra độc tố tế bào và hình thành tế bào truyền nhiễm chuyên gây bệnh cho cây lúa ở một số loài (Muni & Nadarajah, 2014). Vì vậy, chế phẩm chứa các hoạt chất sinh học từ vi sinh vật có khả năng kháng nấm gây bệnh và không gây hại cho con người với môi trường, là biện pháp đầy tiềm năng để quản lý nấm gây bệnh trên lúa. Thuộc nhóm vi sinh vật có lợi, vi khuẩn và xạ khuẩn vùng rễ được biết đến là nhóm ứng dụng khả năng đối kháng trong việc phòng trị bệnh do nấm gây ra. Nghiên cứu này đã sàng lọc được 11 chủng xạ khuẩn và 10 chủng vi khuẩn có hoạt tính chitinase cao, từ 09 mẫu đất vùng rễ lúa tại tỉnh Kiên Giang. Trong đó, chủng B.KG4.1 và S.KG1.1 có tiềm năng ức chế nấm Pyricularia oryzae mạnh bằng phương pháp đồng nuôi cấy với hiệu suất đối kháng lần lượt đạt 90.9% và 87.41% sau 15 ngày. Hiệu suất đối kháng với nấm Pyricularia oryzae của các chủng vi khuẩn có mối tương quan tỷ lệ thuận với khả năng tiết chitinase ngoại bào của chúng. Dựa trên đặc điểm mô tả hình thái và giải trình tự gen 16S-rRNA, chủng S.KG1.1 được xác định là Streptomyces carpinensis và chủng B.KG4.1 thuộc nhóm Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Với những đặc điểm trên, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B.KG4.1 và Streptomyces carpinensis S.KG1.1 có tiềm năng khai thác trong sản xuất chế phẩm chứa các hoạt chất sinh học trong phòng trừ nấm Pyricularia oryzae gây bệnh trên lúa.The fungus Pyricularia oryzae is one of the agents causing rice blast disease. The mechanism of the infection is directing penetration through the plasma membrane, secreting cytotoxins, and forming infectious cells specialized for causing disease in rice plants in some species (Muni & Nadarajah, 2014). Therefore, biological products containing microorganisms that can antagonize fungal pathogens and are environmentally friendly, are promising measure to control this disease. Among the beneficial microorganisms, bacteria and rhizosphere actinomycetes are known as potential antagonistic groups in disease prevention caused by fungi. This study screened 11 actinomycetes and 10 bacteria with high chitinase activity from 09 rice rhizosphere soil samples in Kien Giang province. Among them, strains B.KG4.1 and S.KG1.1 have strong potential to inhibit Pyricularia oryzae fungus by co-culture method with antagonistic effectiveness reaching 90.9% and 87.41% after 15 days, respectively. Antagonistic activity to fungal pathogens of bacterial strains was positively correlated with their ability to secrete extracellular chitinase. Based on the morphological characteristics and 16S-rRNA gene sequencing, strain S.KG1.1 was identified as Streptomyces carpinensis and strain B.KG4.1 belongs to the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens group. With these characteristics, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B.KG4.1 and Streptomyces carpinensis S.KG1.1 have the potential to be exploited in the production of biological products to control the fungus Pyricularia oryzae causing rice blast disease.

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