Teaching and developing students' qualities and abilities is a target in the general education program. In Mathematics, we focus on forming and developing students' 5 component competencies of mathematical ability. Mathematical communication ability is considered one of the core competencies that need to be formed and developed for students. Although, teachers are quite well equipped with teaching methods and forms, meeting the needs of teaching and developing qualities and abilities. However, in the current situation, teachers still face many difficulties in organizing teaching activities to form and develop capacity in Mathematics. This study systematically presents issues related to mathematical communication capacity and manifestations of students' mathematical communication capacity. On that basis, the study proposes measures to develop mathematical communication capacity for 5th grade students through teaching number and calculation content, contributing to realizing the target of the general education program.Teaching and developing students' qualities and abilities is a target in the general education program. In Mathematics, we focus on forming and developing students' 5 component competencies of mathematical ability. Mathematical communication ability is considered one of the core competencies that need to be formed and developed for students. Although, teachers are quite well equipped with teaching methods and forms, meeting the needs of teaching and developing qualities and abilities. However, in the current situation, teachers still face many difficulties in organizing teaching activities to form and develop capacity in Mathematics. This study systematically presents issues related to mathematical communication capacity and manifestations of students' mathematical communication capacity. On that basis, the study proposes measures to develop mathematical communication capacity for 5th grade students through teaching number and calculation content, contributing to realizing the target of the general education program.