BACKGROUND: Keloids, characterized by excessive collagen deposition, often recur despite various treatments. This study explores the association between preoperative serum vitamin D levels and keloid recurrence in a Korean population. METHODS: A retrospective cohort of 160 patients who underwent keloid excision was analyzed. Preoperative serum 25(OH) vitamin D and 1,25(OH) RESULTS: Age was significantly associated with keloid recurrence (OR: 0.934, p = 0.009), indicating older age was linked to lower recurrence risk. No significant association was found between preoperative 25(OH) vitamin D (p = 0.395) and 1,25(OH) CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative vitamin D levels do not predict keloid recurrence in this Korean cohort, while age is a significant predictor. Understanding the multifactorial nature of keloid pathogenesis requires further investigation into other potential risk factors.