Ảnh hưởng của biện pháp đốn tỉa cành và khoanh vỏ đến sinh trưởng, năng suất, chất lượng quả của giống táo TN01 tại tỉnh Ninh Thuận=Effects of pruning, girdling method on growth, yield and quality of tn01 jujube variety in Ninh Thuan province

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Ngôn ngữ: vie

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Thông tin xuất bản: Nông nghiệp và Phát triển Nông thôn, 2024

Mô tả vật lý: tr.33-42

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 252804

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Nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của biện pháp đốn tỉa cành và khoanh vỏ đến năng suất, chất lượng quả giống táo TN01 tại tỉnh Ninh Thuận được thực hiện trên vườn táo giai đoạn 6 năm tuổi trồng tại Vườn thực nghiệm của Viện Nghiên cứu Bông và Phát triển Nông nghiệp Nha Hố trong vụ hè thu và đông xuân trong các năm 2020 - 2022. Thí nghiệm đốn tỉa cành gồm 4 nghiệm thức: Đối chứng không đốn tỉa, đốn tỉa để lại 4 cành, đốn tỉa để lại 6 cành và đốn tỉa để lại 8 cành. Thí nghiệm khoanh vỏ gồm 4 nghiệm thức: Đối chứng không khoanh vỏ, khoanh vỏ thân, khoanh vỏ toàn bộ cành cấp 1 và khoanh vỏ để lại 1 cành cấp 1. Các thí nghiệm được bố trí theo kiểu khối đầy đủ ngẫu nhiên một yếu tố, 3 lần lặp lại. Kết quả cho thấy, thí nghiệm đốn tỉa cành có ảnh hưởng đến sinh trưởng, năng suất và chất lượng quả của giống táo TN01, các nghiệm thức đốn tỉa cành đều làm tăng tỷ lệ đậu quả, khối lượng quả lớn hơn, mật độ quả cao hơn, tăng năng suất quả và tổng chất rắn hòa tan (TSS) của quả so với nghiệm thức đối chứng không đốn tỉa cành
trong đó, nghiệm thức đốn tỉa giữ lại 6 cành cho hiệu quả cao nhất, quả có khối lượng trung bình đạt 81,2 g/quả, năng suất thu được 41,64 tấn/ha, TSS đạt 12,1 o Brix. Thí nghiệm khoanh vỏ cũng cho tỷ lệ đậu quả 7,0%, mật độ quả 67,3 quả/m 2 , năng suất quả 46,39 tấn/ha đạt cao hơn rất nhiều so với đối chứng không khoanh vỏ (37,66 tấn/ha). Các nghiệm thức khoanh vỏ có kích thước quả và TSS thấp hơn so với đối chứng song không có sự khác biệt lớn.Research on the effects of pruning and girdling method on the growth, yield and quality of TN01 jujube variety in Ninh Thuan province was conducted on a 6-year-old TN01 jujube orchard which is planted in the experimental area of the Nha Ho Research Institute for Cotton and Agriculture Development in 2 seasons: Summer - Autumn and Winter - Spring in the years 2020 - 2022. The pruning experiment included 4 treatments: Control without pruning, pruning to leave 4 branches, pruning to leave 6 branches and pruning to leave 8 branches. The girdling experiment included 4 treatments: Control without girdling, stem girdling, girdling all first - level branch and girdling leaving first level 1 branch. The experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with one factor, 3 repetitions. The results showed that pruning experiment had an impact on the growth, yield and fruit quality of TN01 variety. The pruning treatments all increased the fruit set rate, fruit weight, density, fruit yield, and total soluble solids (TSS) of fruit compared to the control treatment without pruning. In particular, the pruning treatment that retained 6 branches gave the highest efficiency, the fruit had an average weight of 81.2 g/fruit, the yield was 41.64 tons/ha, and the TSS was 12.1oBrix. The girdling experiment also showed that the fruit setting rate 7.0%, fruit density 67.3 fruits/m2 and yield 46.39 tons/ha were much higher than the control. The girdling treatments had lower fruit size and TSS than the control but there was no significant difference.

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