Quy trình sản xuất và làm sạch Biodiesel=The Biodiesel production and purifying process

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Tác giả: Minh Đức Lê, Phú Tuấn Lê

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Khoa học và Công nghệ Lâm nghiệp, 2024

Mô tả vật lý: tr.121-131

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 253097

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Biodiesel, a new fuel, is considered a product that can replace diesel for internal combustion engines. With a huge amount of waste cooking oil (WCO) annually (over 15 million tons), if converted, it can meet a significant part of the world's demand for biodiesel. Many studies have shown that the production of biodiesel from WCO allows saving 21% of crude oil and 96% of fossil energy. Therefore, renewable energy from waste vegetable oil is likely to be a trend of great interest in the coming years. In fact, to be used as biodiesel, vegetable oils or animal fats must be refined into methyl or ethyl esters. However, the biodiesel production process requires not only economic optimization but also environmental and technical assurance. By using bibliometric methods to synthesize global studies, this paper reviews the basic process of biodiesel production and purification, from raw materials and conversion technology to refining or purification to improve product quality, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential and challenges in applying biodiesel in practice.Biodiesel, một loại nhiên liệu mới, được coi là sản phẩm có thể thay thế diesel dùng cho động cơ đốt trong. Với lượng vô cùng lớn dầu ăn thải hàng năm (trên 15 triệu tấn), nếu quy đổi ra thì có thể đáp ứng một phần không nhỏ nhu cầu về dầu diesel sinh học của thế giới. Nhiều nghiên cứu đã chỉ ra rằng việc sản xuất diesel sinh học từ dầu ăn thải cho phép tiết kiệm 21% dầu thô và 96% tiết kiệm năng lượng hóa thạch. Có thể nói năng lượng tái tạo từ nguồn dầu thực vật thải có thể sẽ là xu hướng được quan tâm nhiều trong những năm tới đây. Trên thực tế, để có thể dùng làm biodiesel, các loại dầu thực vật hoặc mỡ động vật phải được tinh chế thành methyl hoặc ethyl ester. Tuy nhiên, quy trình sản xuất biodiesel không chỉ đòi hỏi sự tối ưu hóa về mặt kinh tế mà còn phải đảm bảo về mặt môi trường và kỹ thuật. Bằng cách sử dụng phương pháp trắc lượng thư mục để tổng hợp các nghiên cứu toàn cầu, bài báo này đã tổng quan quy trình cơ bản về sản xuất và làm sạch biodiesel, từ nguyên liệu đầu vào, công nghệ chuyển hóa, tinh chế hay làm sạch để nâng cao chất lượng sản phẩm, nhằm cung cấp một cái nhìn toàn diện về tiềm năng và thách thức trong việc ứng dụng biodiesel vào thực tiễn.

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