Medical professionals today have access to immense amounts of data, which enables them to make decisions that enhance patient care and treatment efficacy. This innovative strategy can improve global health care by bridging the divide between clinical practice and medical research. This paper reviews biomedical developments aimed at improving patient outcomes by addressing three main questions regarding techniques, data sources and challenges. The review includes peer-reviewed articles from 2018 to 2023, found via systematic searches in PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. The results show diverse disease-specific applications. Challenges such as data quality and ethics are discussed, underscoring data analytics' potential for patient-focused health care. The review concludes that successful implementation requires addressing gaps, collaboration and innovation in biomedical science and data analytics.