Gastric cancer is a prevalent gastrointestinal tumor. In the classical cascade of gastric cancer development, the gradual progression from non-atrophic gastritis, atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, to intraepithelial neoplasia eventually leads to early gastric cancer. We investigated the proteomic characteristics of chronic gastritis (CG), low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (low-grade LGIN), and early gastric cancer (EGC). Additionally, we utilized transcriptomic databases to explore the expression patterns of ITGB2 across different stages of gastric tissue and its correlation with the prognosis of gastric cancer. The expression of ITGB2 was confirmed in cytological experiments, revealing that ITGB2 can influence the onset and progression of gastric cancer via the CXCL1-CXCR2 axis. This finding suggests that ITGB2 represents a novel biomarker for gastric cancer, making it a potential target for accurate diagnosis and treatment.