Developing sensitive and reliable methods for detecting antibiotics in water solutions is essential for protecting public health and the environment. Here, we report a novel fluorescent film with superior mechanical properties and detection response to ciprofloxacin (CIP), achieved through the in-situ growth of europium-based metal-organic frameworks on TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNF). Firstly, Eu(III) and 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (DPA) served as precursors, and a simple self-assembly strategy was employed to grow the composite film material (Eu-DPA@TOCNF) in situ on TOCNF, which exhibited characteristic emission peaks. Benefiting from the growth balance and control of Eu-DPA by TOCNF, the sensor based on Eu-DPA@TOCNF showed higher stability and practicability, allowing sensitive and selective detection of CIP, with a good linear relationship in the range of 0-200 μM, showing an inverse relationship between the fluorescence intensity at 619 nm and CIP concentration. The quenching mechanism of CIP on Eu-DPA@TOCNF could be attributed to the combined effects of both static and dynamic quenching processes. Consequently, the Eu-DPA@TOCNF fluorescent film provides a novel strategy for developing pollutant detection sensors based on fluorescent specificity.