Ethanol- and water-soluble polysaccharides were extracted from Baijiu vinasses (EP and WP), respectively. EP was dominantly composed by arabinose, glucose and xylose with molar ratio of 8.81: 76.82: 6.9. While, WP was dominantly composed by galactose, glucose and mannose with molar ratio of 8.32: 56.05: 25.19. The molecular weights and reducing sugar contents in EP and WP were 6.2 kDa vs. 16.1 kDa and 24.52 ± 0.97 % vs. 19.77 ± 0.75 %, respectively. Alterations in activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway and increases in the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Akkermansia and their associated metabolisms could be the general mechanism by which Baijiu vinasses (BV) polysaccharides alleviated alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) in mice. Due to the different physicochemical characteristics, the ALD alleviation efficiency was different. EP exhibited higher efficiency in oxidative stress suppressing and lipid alternation by activating the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPAR) signalling pathway. WP exhibited higher efficiency in liver damage repairing with the controlment in tryptophan metabolism pathway. This study exhibited the potential biofunction of BV polysaccharides in ALD alleviation and could promote the BV upcycling.