Disclosed herein are methods for the production of fuels, chemicals, or materials from biomass-derived lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. Also provided are methods for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates from lignocellulosic biomass and the subsequent thermal and catalytic conversion of polyhydroxyalkanoates to hydrocarbons. In addition, methods for the production of ethanol from the fermentation of polysaccharides are described.