Sugarcane bagasse is a large-volume agriculture residue that is generated on a ~540 million metric tons per year basis globally<
sup>
1,2<
/sup>
with the top-three producing countries in Latin America being Brazil (~181 million metric ton yr<
sup>
?1<
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),<
sup>
3<
/sup>
Mexico 15 million metric ton yr<
sup>
?1<
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),<
sup>
4<
/sup>
and Colombia 7 million metric ton yr<
sup>
?1<
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),<
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5<
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respectively.<
sup>
6<
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Given sustainability concerns and the need to maximize the utilization of bioresources, the use of sugarcane bagasse is receiving significant attention in biorefining applications, as it is a promising resource for the conversion to biofuels and biopower. Lastly, this review provides a comprehensive review of bagasse and its chemical constituents and on-going research into its utilization as a feedstock for cellulosic ethanol and electricity generation.