ParaChoice supports the VTO mission using early-stage research to help in the development of technology that will improve affordability of transportation, while encouraging innovation and reducing dependence on petroleum. Analysis with the ParaChoice model enables exploration of key factors that influence consumer choice, and technology, fuel, and infrastructure development for the vehicle mix. Because of the distinct differences between requirements, needs, and use patterns for light duty vehicles (LDVs) relative to heavy duty vehicles (HDVs), this project models the dynamics of each of these segments to characterize the factors that influence technology adoption.