The increasing global elderly population, projected to reach 20 % of individuals aged 65 and over by 2030, faces significant pulmonary challenges, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Aging is associated with a natural decline in lung function and structural changes that exacerbate respiratory issues. COPD, characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms and airflow obstruction, presents a unique challenge in older patients due to the accelerated decline in lung function. Acetylcholine plays a pivotal role in airway dynamics through muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, particularly M