KHẢO SÁT VÀ PHÂN TÍCH DI TRUYỀN TÍNH TRẠNG NĂNG SUẤT VÀ KHẢ NĂNG CHỐNG CHỊU HẠN HÁN CỦA DÒNG LÚA ORYZA RUFIPOGON BẰNG CÁCH SỬ DỤNG CÁC QUẦN THỂ LAI NGƯỢC

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Tác giả: Ngoc Sinh Luu, Nhu Toan Nguyen, Peiman Zandi, Saikat Kumar Basu

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học - Trường Đại học Thủ đô Hà Nội: Khoa học Tự nhiên và Công nghệ, 2024

Mô tả vật lý: tr.77

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 285454

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Lúa (Oryza sativa L.) là một trong những cây ngũ cốc chủ yếu trên thế giới, lúa là một trong những nguồn cung cấp carbohydrate chính cho gần một nửa dân số thế giới. Vì vậy, việc tăng năng suất lúa gạo để đáp ứng nhu cầu của con người là yêu cầu cấp thiết. Các đặc tính nông học như chiều cao cây, chiều dài bông, chiều dài lá cờ, số hạt trên bông, trọng lượng nghìn hạt, chiều dài, chiều rộng hạt gạo và khả năng chịu mặn là những yếu tố quyết định đến năng suất lúa. Gạo ngày nay có nguồn gốc từ lúa hoang phổ biến (Oryza rufpogon) và thừa hưởng những ưu điểm của nó. Tuy nhiên, trong quá trình thuần hóa cây lúa, một số đặc tính quý giá của lúa hoang như khả năng chống chịu stress sinh học và phi sinh học đã bị mất đi. Để sử dụng đầy đủ nguồn gen lúa hoang dã, chúng tôi đã xây dựng một tập hợp các dòng xâm nhập (IL) bằng cách sử dụng nguyên liệu lúa hoang phổ biến được thu nhập từ Lingshui, Trung Quốc. Một tập hợp các dấu hiệu phân tử InDel có độ phân giải cao với khoảng cách trung bình là 2,39 Mb được thiết kế để thực hiện lựa chọn và xác định các đặc điểm của phân khúc được hỗ trợ bởi dấu hiệu đánh dấu. Các IL chứa 213 dòng bao gồm 1,286 đoạn xâm nhập với chiều dài trung bình là 6,511 Mb, chiếm 93,59% nhiễm sắc thể của bố mẹ cho. Chúng tôi đã khảo sát đặc tính nông học của 213 dòng. Nhiều locus tính trạng định lượng (QTL) cũ liên quan đến chiều cao cây, tính trạng hạt giống và các đặc điểm khác đã xuất hiện trở lại trong IL của chúng tôi, chứng tỏ rằng hệ thống của chúng tôi đáng tin cậy. Hơn nữa, nhiều QTL mới đã được xác định. Một QTL liên quan đến khả năng chịu hạn nằm trên nhiễm sắc thể số 4 đã được xây dựng kỹ lưỡng. Bộ IL này cung cấp một nguồn tài nguyên mới để sử dụng các tính năng tốt của lúa hoang .Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the staple cereal crops of the world and it is one of the main sources of carbohydrates for nearly one-half of the world's population. So, an increase in rice yield to satisfy human needs is a pressing requirement. Agronomic characters such as high plant, length of panicle, length of flag leaf, number of seed per panicle, the weight of thousand rice, length and width of rice and tolerance to salt are the deciding factor for yield in rice. Today's rice is derived from the common wild rice (Oryza rufpogon) and inherited its advantages. However, during the rice domestication process, some valuable features of wild rice, such as tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress, were lost. To fully utilize wild rice germplasm resources, we constructed a set of introgression lines (ILs) using a common wild rice material from Lingshui, China. A set of high-resolution InDel molecular markers with an average interval of 2.39 Mb were designed to carry out marker-assisted selection and identification of segment characteristics. The ILs contained 213 lines including 1.286 introgressed fragments with an average length of 6.511 Mb, covering 93.59% of the donor parent’s chromosomes. The agronomical characters of 213 lines were investigated. Many old quantitative trait loci (QTLs) involved in plant height, awn length, seed traits and other characteristics reappeared in our ILs, proving that our system was reliable. Further, many new QTLs were identified. A QTL related to drought tolerance located on chromosome 4 was thoroughly elaborated. This set of ILs provides a new resource for utilizing the excellent features of wild rice.

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