TÀI NGUYÊN NƯỚC TRONG BỐI CẢNH BIẾN ĐỔI KHÍ HẬU: TÁC ĐỘNG, NỖ LỰC, THIẾU HỤT VÀ CÁC GIẢI PHÁP ỨNG PHÓ

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Tác giả: Nguyễn Văn Đại, Nguyễn Đình Hoàng, Huỳnh Thị Lan Hương, Thịnh Đặng Quang

Ngôn ngữ: vie

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Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học Tài nguyên và Môi trường, 2024

Mô tả vật lý: tr.77-94

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 287209

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Việt Nam có diện tích lãnh thổ đất liền khoảng 331.230,8 km², bờ biển dài 3.260 km, hơn một triệu km² lãnh hải và trên 3.000 hòn đảo gần bờ, hai quần đảo xa bờ là Hoàng Sa (thuộc thành phố Đà Nẵng) và Trường Sa (thuộc tỉnh Khánh Hòa) và nhiều vùng đất thấp ven biển. Do lãnh thổ Việt Nam trải dài qua nhiều nhiều vĩ tuyến và địa hình phức tạp nên sự khác nhau về khí hậu giữa các vùng khá lớn và rõ nét. Khí hậu phía Bắc có bốn mùa: Xuân, Hạ, Thu, Đông
Phía Nam có hai mùa: Mùa mưa từ tháng V đến tháng XI và mùa khô từ tháng XII đến tháng IV năm sau. Sự đa dạng về địa hình và vị trí địa lý đặc biệt khiến Việt Nam hằng năm hứng chịu tác động của nhiều loại hình thiên tai có nguồn gốc khí tượng thủy văn như bão, áp thấp nhiệt đới, ngập lụt, lũ quét trong mùa mưa và nắng nóng, hạn hán, rét hại, xâm nhập mặn trong mùa khô. Trong bối cảnh biến đổi khí hậu và nước biển dâng các tác động này được dự đoán sẽ trầm trọng hơn, ảnh hưởng đến toàn bộ các hoạt động phát triển kinh tế - xã hội. Nghiên cứu này tổng hợp các tác động của biến đổi khí hậu đến tài nguyên nước, các thành tựu đạt được và các giải pháp cần triển khai trong thời gian tới. Kết quả tính toán cho thấy dòng chảy năm, dòng chảy mùa lũ và dòng chảy mùa cạn tăng ở hầu hết các lưu vực sông theo các thời kỳ. Việt Nam đã triển khai nhiều giải pháp thích ứng với biến đổi khí hậu trong lĩnh vực tài nguyên nước. Tuy nhiên, tài nguyên nước Việt Nam đang đứng trước những thách thức không nhỏ trong bối cảnh biến đổi khí hậu. Do đó, cần triển khai các biện pháp tổng thể nhằm giảm thiểu các tác động bất lợi này.Vietnam has a land area of approximately 331,230.8 km², a coastline of 3,260 km, over one million km² of territorial waters, and more than 3,000 nearshore islands. Two distant archipelagos are Hoang Sa (Belonging to Da Nang city) and Truong Sa (Belonging to Khanh Hoa Province), along with many low-lying coastal areas. Due to Vietnam's territory stretching across various latitudes and with complex topography, the climate differences among regions are quite significant and distinct. The northern climate features four seasons: Spring, Summer, Fall, and Winter, while the south has two seasons: the rainy season from May to November and the dry season from December to April of the following year. The diversity in terrain and geographical position particularly exposes Vietnam to various types of natural disasters stemming from meteorological and hydrological origins, such as storms, tropical depressions, flooding, and flash floods during the rainy season, as well as heat waves, drought, frost damage, and saline intrusion during the dry season. In the context of climate change and rising sea levels, these impacts are predicted to be exacerbated, affecting all economic and social development activities. This report summarizes the impacts of climate change on water resources, the achievements made, and the solutions that need to be implemented shortly. The results of calculations indicate that annual flow, flood season flow, and dry season flow have increased in most river basins over the periods. Vietnam has implemented various solutions to adapt to climate change in the field of water resources. However, Vietnam's water resources are facing significant challenges in the context of climate change. Therefore, comprehensive measures need to be undertaken to mitigate these adverse effects.

1. Đọc trực tuyến

1. Đọc trực tuyến

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