This paper will explore a variety of psychosocial issues in DDR impacting on ex-combatants as well as communities affected by violence, and put forth recommendations for improving psychosocial support in future DDR programming. Part one presents background information for contextual understanding of the challenges faced by ex-combatants and community members affected by conflict-related trauma, including ways in which psychosocial problems present in the lives of ex-combatants, the short and long-term impacts of trauma on the violence-affected individual, and the costs of not addressing this critical issue. Part two explores key approaches and interventions, particularly in Somaliland and Rwanda, attempted by DDR implementers and the results of such interventions. Finally, part three describes key challenges in addressing psychosocial issues in DDR and puts forth a set of recommendations based on the contextual understanding of the issue and the real-world application of development interventions.