The presentation of innovation policy in this volume offers a detailed conceptual framework for understanding and learning about technology innovation policies and programs and their implementation in different countries. Inspired by the experience of both developed and developing countries, the book focuses on the latter's needs and issues. The publication's main audience is the policy-making community. It includes not only those who are directly involved with technology, industry, science, and education but also those in charge of finance and economics, and indeed the top government leadership, which plays a crucial role in successful innovation policies. This overview follows the organization of the volume, which is divided into parts and chapters. Before a summary of the individual chapters, however, the main messages that emerge from the volume as a whole are briefly presented. The approach to innovation policy proposed in this volume revolves around the basic questions: why? What? How?