The paper presents the nine country cases and draws lessons in the concluding section. Indonesia, which is the only country in this paper that has retained universal price subsidies to date, is covered first. Senegal, with repeated attempts to end price subsidies followed by re-introduction, is described next, followed by the Dominican Republic and El Salvador, two countries that have replaced universal price subsidies with cash transfers. Peru, which has set strict targeting criteria for conditional cash transfers, and India, the conditional cash transfer program of which is the largest program of its kind in the world, follow. Three countries with deregulated pricing of LPG and no government assistance today for LPG purchase, Ghana, Brazil, and Mexico, are discussed last.