Synthesizes existing discourse and practices on the relevance of and integration of gender perspectives in conflict, development, and fragility policies and programming. Current literature shows a lack of rigorous analysis and documentation of innovative ongoing practices that tackle issues of inclusion and protection for women in conflict situations. Levels of gender inequality and domestic violence indicate the likelihood of a state's propensity for civil unrest and violence, as well as for fragility. Advocacy, awareness raising, and strategies for combating sexual violence need to (1) look at socio-cultural factors, (2) insert condemnation of such action in peace agreements, and (3) deal with the trauma from such violence and discriminatory treatment. Women need to be included in key processes during transition periods and in representation and governance, and women's rights needs to be integrated into decision making and capacity building. International institutions need to shape their responses and current practices to address women's protection and participation needs and include gender analysis more broadly in tackling fragile states and societies.