This study assesses gender gaps in the energy sector in Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. It is based on a series of focus group discussions and key informant interviews, accompanied by focused statistical analysis and a review of national policy and legislative frameworks. A key contribution of this study is the provision of new qualitative insights into the practical barriers to women's increased participation in the energy sector, reflecting the views of students in energy-related disciplines, academic staff, and employees and company representatives across the four countries. Finally, targeted recommendations are offered on how policy makers, companies, and educational institutions can reduce gender gaps in the energy sector across Central Asia.