Ethiopia has seen many changes since 2016, which until now, has been the reference year for data about the level and pattern of poverty in the country. The narrative around poverty was that years of high growth resulted in a significant reduction in poverty, but by less than expected because growth was uneven between rural and urban areas which received most of the gains from growth and there was a slow shift of labor from agriculture into the fast-growing segments of the economy. Since 2016, GDP per capita growth has decelerated-to 4.6 percent during 2016-2022 compared to nearly 7.4 percent during 2010-2016-not least because of multiple crises, including a global pandemic, droughts, locust infestation, conflict, and market shocks. This Poverty and Equity Assessment (PEA) updates the understanding of poverty and inequality in the country, using new data collected from 2021. This data was collected amidst security concerns, which posed challenges during the data collection process. Despite these challenges, data quality checks have verified that the collected information is reliable and representative of the country, excluding areas that were inaccessible, such as Tigray. The PEA updates statistics on poverty rates, inequality, the poverty profile, and identifies the drivers of these trends (Part 1). It provides an in-depth understanding of the key drivers of poverty in the country (Part 2) and charts the course for reducing poverty in the years to come (Part 3). Below are some high-level messages drawn from the analysis presented in the seven chapters of the report. Additional details are accessible in background papers accompanying the report.