Social protection and jobs programs (SPJ) can improve livelihoods and reduce vulnerability in coastal fishing communities in Solomon Islands, but these programs must be designed in a way that responds to socio-economic vulnerabilities and climate risks, recognizes the reliance of communities on fishing for nutrition and income, and integrates with community-level fisheries management. The Solomon Islands Government (SIG) has placed community-based resource management (CBRM) at the center of its strategy for coastal fisheries management. CBRM recognizes and builds on traditions of indigenous conservation and community rights to promote fisheries management and sustainable harvests. Supporting CBRM through expanded formal social protection (SP), linked with financial inclusion, climate change adaptation, disaster risk reduction (DRR), and other complementary initiatives, has the potential to reduce vulnerabilities.