Doing Business was the first global indicator created to measure aspects of regulation that enable or hinder the owners of small and medium-size businesses in starting, operating or expanding their companies. In its annual publication, each economy is represented by its largest business city and compared globally with another one hundred and eighty-nine economies. Doing Business in the European Union 2020 Greece, Ireland and Italy goes beyond Athens, Dublin and Rome to benchmark twenty-one additional cities, capturing regional differences in regulations and their enforcement. By providing a factual baseline, along with local good practice examples, the study will allow policymakers to target implementation gaps and promote peer learning. Coordinating across different levels of government and institutions is essential to reduce the regulatory burden on companies and to increase the pace of convergence toward best practices. Details about the main findings for each country can be found at the beginning of the respective country chapters. Each country chapter also includes data analysis and reform recommendations, based on national and European good practices, in all five areas benchmarked.