Climate change presents risks and opportunities for the financial sector in both emerging and advanced economies. Financial institutions cannot afford to be outside of the transition path to low-carbon economies. Energy subsidies, emission standards, and carbon prices will all have a direct impact on the financial positions of these institutions' clients, making climate risk an important element of any credit decision. Financial institutions will also need to understand the climate risks associated with their non-green assets and design measures to mitigate them. Yet there are also significant opportunities for financial institutions to provide innovative financing products for energy efficiency upgrades, renewable power generation, green buildings, green transport, and climate-smart agriculture and architecture. And there is a growing community of investors seeking new climate and environment friendly opportunities, which financial institutions can use to diversify their funding base and reduce their funding costs.