The energy sector is sensitive to changes in seasonal weather patterns and extremes - e.g. floods, droughts, fire, storm, and landslide, that can affect the supply of energy, impact transmission capacity, disrupt oil and gas production, and impact the integrity of transmission pipelines and power distribution. Much infrastructure, built to design codes based on historic climate data, will require decisions in coming years regarding rehabilitation, upgrade or replacement. This poses both a challenge and an opportunity for adaptation. This review is one of a series of sector‐based papers commissioned as background to the report 'managing uncertainty: adapting to climate change in ECA countries' targeted at internal World Bank audiences as well as counterparts in client countries.