The World Bank Group's Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) provides technical assistance to support the development of government institutions and capacity building, sector policies and strategies in the water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) sector in Papua New Guinea (PNG). This report presents the results of the study, including full details of the approach and conclusions. It outlines the background and study objectives, the conceptual framework, methodology and tools used, the data, analysis and the emergent findings from the field work. In addition to the focus on sustainability, the report also sets out findings for equity and inclusion and options for possible management information systems (MIS) for the sector. The results of the study were presented to rural WaSH stakeholders at a workshop in PNG in February 2015, and the resultant discussion was incorporated into this report.