This paper was prepared to support the Libyan Ministry of Health in designing and establishing its health economics unit. Over the past decade, Libya's health system has been significantly and negatively impacted by the country's conflict, and the Ministry of Health has not been able to execute key health financing and economics functions due to fiscal and governance challenges. As Libya is moving toward reconstruction and recovery, and with the backdrop of the impact of COVID-19, it is imperative to think through a systematic approach to inform evidence-based decision-making to inform the allocation of resources. This review presents and synthesizes experiences of the institutions that perform health economics functions in selected countries that can be of use for Libya and other countries that consider the option of establishing a health economics unit. More specifically, this review provides examples from different countries on (1) the mission, goals, and key functions of the institutions that perform health economics functions
(2) those institutions' legal status and their form of organization
(3) what research and analysis they conduct
(4) with whom they need to collaborate
and (5) what international resources are available to them. Based on these examples, the paper proposes concrete next steps for strengthening health economics and financing capabilities in Libya.