The globalisation process has now new features and movement trends with strong adjustment of actors involved in this process, ranging from international and regional institutions, transnational companies to countries and individual businesses. The process of globalisation in the first two decades of the 21st century is posing new challenges and new opportunities with both positive and negative aspects, with both cooperation and struggle, to all countries and peoples of the world, including the Russian Federation and Vietnam. This paper focuses on analysing the characteristics, content and new trends of globalisation, recognising the effects of globalisation on the current Vietnam-Russia relations.