The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented damage to the economy and health of people worldwide. It has led to considerable losses in human life and the economy, exposing underlying health system challenges and inequities. In Vietnam, too, the pandemic posed significant disruption to the economy and the health care system. This country case study documents the epidemiology of COVID-19 from January 16, 2020 (before the first case was found in Vietnam on January 23), to June 30, 2022, in Vietnam, and covers its pandemic preparedness and control policies, governance, and health care system, as well as the impact on the economy and businesses. Lessons learned in the country and challenges for better preparation for the future are described.