Đặc điểm của vi khuẩn đa kháng phân lập từ các loài cá cảnh và tiềm năng phòng ngừa bằng các hợp chất tự nhiên

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Ngôn ngữ: vie

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Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học kỹ thuật Thú y, 2019

Mô tả vật lý: tr.80

Bộ sưu tập: Báo, Tạp chí

ID: 312840

Thêm vào giỏ Liên kết toàn văn

Công nghiệp cá cảnh đang phát triển nhanh trên toàn thế giới, tuy nhiên cá cảnh cũng là nguồn phát tán và lây nhiễm các tác nhân gây bệnh từ cá sang người. Trong nghiên cứu này, các đặc điểm sinh học của 7 chủng vi khuẩn gram (+) phân lập được từ 4 loài cá cảnh đang nuôi và buôn bán tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, bao gồm mức độ nhạy cảm của chúng với các loại kháng sinh và các hợp chất chiết xuất từ thực vật đã được khảo sát. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, có 6/7 chủng vi khuẩn đa kháng, kháng ít nhất 8/12 loại kháng sinh. Đối với các loại kháng sinh đã cấm sử dụng, 7 chủng vi khuẩn này đều nhạy cảm với ciprofloxacin, ofloxaxin, và có rất ít chủng nhạy cảm với ampicillin (4/7), tetracyclin (1/7), và chloramphenicol (0/7). Trong số 6 chủng vi khuẩn được chọn, định danh bằng 16S rDNA, có 5 chủng cho kết quả định danh với mức tương đồng cao (>
99,6% bằng NCBI blast) với Enterococcus faecalis JCM 5803. Hai hợp chất chiết từ thực vật TT1 và TT2 có thể ức chế 4 chủng vi khuẩn phân lập được từ cá koi Nhật Bản, cá chép vảy rồng, và cá đầu lân. Đặc biệt là kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy cá cảnh bị nhiễm vi khuẩn E. faecalis có thể là nguyên nhân phát tán gene kháng kháng sinh vào môi trường tự nhiên và gây ảnh hưởng xấu đến quần thể cá bản địa và sức khỏe con người. Việc sử dụng các hợp chất chiết xuất từ thực vật thay thế kháng sinh để phòng, trị bệnh cho cá cảnh sẽ là liệu pháp an toàn. Tuy nhiên, những cơ chế làm xuất hiện hiện tượng siêu kháng của vi khuẩn, sự ức chế vi khuẩn của dịch chiết thảo dược cần được nghiên cứu tiếp theo.The ornamental fish industry is developing rapidly in the worldwide. However, the ornamental fish also is the source for spreading the pathogens from fish to human. In this study, the biological characteristics of 7 Gram (+) bacteria strains isolated from 4 ornamental fish species in Ho Chi Minh City, including their susceptivity with antibiotics and plant extract substances (phytochemicals) was investigated. The studied result showed that there were 6 out of 7 multi-antibiotic resistant strains, resisted to at least 8/12 antibiotics. For the banned antibiotics, 7 above bacteria strains were susceptible with ciprofloxacin and ofloxaxin, and very few strains were susceptible with ampicillin (4/7), tetracyclin (1/7), and chloramphenicol (0/7). There were 5 out of 6 randomly selected isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecalis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (>
99,6% of similarity). There were 2 plant extract substances, such as TT1 and TT2, these substances could inhibit 4 bacterial strains isolated from Japanese koi, carp, and oranda goldfish. Particularly, the studied results showed the ornamental fish infected with E. faecalis could be the reason for spreading the antibiotic resistant genes into natural environment and causing the bad effects to the local fish population and human health. The use of phytochemicals replacing antibiotics in prophylaxis and therapy for ornamental fish would be the safe solution. However, mechanisms generating the occurrence of super resistance phenomenon and bacteria inhibition of the phytochemicals need to be further studied.

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