Since miRNAs have broad effects on tissue homeostasis, and disease development, it is particularly interesting to work out how miRNAs themselves are being regulated. Such data could provide crucial information for further understanding the mechanism underlying disease development and for being able to manipulate these miRNAs therapeutically. Generally, the expression of miRNAs can be regulated transcriptionally, epigenetically, or controlled by different stimuli e.g. cytokines and growth factors. In review, just transcription factors, cytokines, and growth factors controlling the miR-29 family expression in human diseases were for the first time investigated.