This technical background paper explores the effectiveness of competition policy enforcement in the digital markets in Africa along several dimensions, including anticompetitive agreements, abuse of dominance, merger control, as well as competition advocacy. While African competition authorities have not yet dealt with issues in the digital economy to a great extent, they seem to be increasingly aware of the importance of safeguarding competition in digital markets. The African regional competition authorities can also play a decisive role in bringing together national competition authorities in sharing their experience in terms of advocacy and enforcement of competition rules in the digital economy. Furthermore, the African competition authorities can further build upon consumer protection initiatives to incorporate a competition angle and adopt pro-competition recommendations.