Türkiye's long-standing human capital achievements can propel it to the next generation following COVID. Similar to comparable countries emerging from COVID, Türkiye's readiness to address three key challenges and opportunities to human capital investments will prove key to an inclusive, green recovery: equitable coverage, fiscal capacity, and, importantly, adaptability to a changing labor market. The aim of this policy note is to examine the relative efficiency and equity of public expenditures and policies for human capital and labor markets over the past decade in Türkiye in preparing for a post-COVID, inclusive, green transition. The work adopts a thematic conceptual framework that frames social expenditures holistically along the life cycle as investments in human capital for boosting equity and productivity. The adapted framework takes a holistic approach and focuses on selected inter-related dimensions linking the cycle of social investments, human capital and jobs.