Sự thay đổi kiến thức, thái độ, thực hành của nhân viên y tế về rối loạn tự kỷ ở trẻ sau một năm can thiệp tại hai tỉnh Hòa Bình và Thái Bình

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Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học Nghiên cứu Sức khỏe và Phát triển, 2020

Mô tả vật lý: tr.98-106

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 320869

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Mục tiêu: Đánh giá sự thay đổi kiến thức, thái độ, thực hành của nhân viên y tế (NVYT) về rối loạn tự kỷ (RLTK) ở trẻ sau một năm triển khai chương trình truyền thông về RLTK ở trẻ em tại cộng đồng (từ tháng 1/2018 đến tháng 1/2019) tại hai tỉnh Hòa Bình và Thái Bình. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Thiết kế nghiên cứu can thiệp so sánh trước sau không có nhóm chứng, với cỡ mẫu 300 và 295 NVYT ở ba tuyến (xã, huyện và tỉnh) tương ứng với thời điểm trước can thiệp (TCT) và sau can thiệp (SCT) được lựa chọn bằng phương pháp chọn mẫu nhiều giai đoạn. Kết quả: Về kiến thức, trong tổng số 14 câu hỏi, 13 câu có tỷ lệ trả lời đúng SCT cao hơn TCT (OR từ 1,17 - 4,73), trong đó sự thay đổi có ý nghĩa thống kê ở 5 câu về dấu hiệu cờ đỏ và 3 câu về sai lầm trong điều trị RLTK. Với 5 câu hỏi (tổng là 25 điểm) đánh giá thái độ, điểm trung vị SCT là 17, cao hơn 1 điểm so với TCT (p<
0,05). Không có sự thay đổi có ý nghĩa thống kê về thực hành khi nghi ngở trẻ mắc RLTK của NVYT trước và sau can thiệp (p>
0,05). Kết luận: Chương trình can thiệp giúp nâng cao kiến thức và thái độ của NVYT về RLTK ở trẻ. Cần tiếp tục duy trì chương trình để thấy được sự thay đổi về thực hành của NVYT.Objective: To evaluate the changes in knowledge, attitudes and practices of healthcare workers (HCWs) on autism spectrum disorders (ASD) after one year of implementing a community-based communication intervention on ADS (from January 2018 to January 2019) in Hoa Binh and Thai Binh provinces. Methods: This is an interventional study without a control group and pre-post evaluations with 300 HCWs at commune, district and provincial levels in pre-intervention evaluation and 295 participated in post-intervention selected by using multi-stage cluster. Results: The percentages of HCWs who had correct answers for 13/14 questions on ASD knowledge increased after intervention (OR from 1.17 to 4.73), in which the changes were statistically significant in 5 question about red flags for ASD and 3 questions about mistakes in treatment of ASD. The median score of attitudes also increased (17 points vs 16 points, post vs pre-intervention, p<
0.05). The results indicated an insignificant change in HCWs practices on ASD early actions (p>
0.05). Conclusion: The community-based communication intervention improved the knowledge and attitudes of HCWs on ASD and should be continued to evaluate the change in practice of HCWs.

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