Đánh giá các hành vi nguy cơ tai nạn thương tích không chủ đích và bạo lực của vị thành niên tại Hà Nội, năm 2019

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Ngôn ngữ: vie

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Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học Nghiên cứu Sức khỏe và Phát triển, 2020

Mô tả vật lý: tr.80-89

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 321031

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Background: Unintentional injury is the leading cause of death among adolescents. Therefore, research on the risk of unintentional injury among adolescents is imperative in public health because adolescents are the future generations of each country. However, studies on the real situation of unintentional injury and associated factors among adolescents in Vietnam are still limited. Objectives: Describe the situation of risk behaviors towards unintentional injury to adolescent health and associated factors in Hanoi in 2019. Methods: We used a cross-sectional study using multi-stage sampling design. A total of 3,443 subjects who were students from high schools in Hanoi agreed to participate in the study. The data was collected by online self-answered through KoboToolbox software, then aggregated on Microsoft Excel and analyzed by STATA 14.0 software. Results: Fourteen percent of students said that they used to smoke, 51.6% said that they used to drink alcohol. About 6.9% of adolescents said they rarely or never wore a helmet, 30% said they had at least once used the phone and 8.2% admitted that they had ever drank alcohol, beer before driving. Regarding the group of violent behavios, nearly 4.8% of students have been carrying weapons with them in the past 30 days, 6.5% have had at least 1 fight in the past 12 months, 2.4% said that they had been sexually abused at least once and about 11.6% of the students said that they had experienced bullying at school. Smoking (OR = 2.21), drinking alcohol (OR = 2.08), and had psychology problems for 2 weeks (OR = 1.61) had increased the risk of performing risk behaviors that may lead to the unintentional injuries. Conclusions and Implication: The prevalence of adolescents in Hanoi who engage in risk behaviors that can lead to unintentional injury was high. Factors such as smoking, drinking or having psychological problems increased the risk of these behaviors. We recommend that family and school should educate for adolescents to raise the awareness when driving and avoid substance abuse. In addition, family and school also need to promptly detect school violence and provide psychological supports when adolescents experienced psychological problems.Mục tiêu: Tai nạn thương tích không chủ đích và bạo lực là nguyên nhân hàng đầu gây tử vong ở lứa tuổi vị thành niên. Do đó, nghiên cứu về các hành vi này ở nhóm vị thành niên có ý nghĩa đặc biệt quan trọng trong nâng cao sức khoẻ cộng đồng vì vị thành niên là thế hệ tương lai của đất nước. Tuy nhiên, các nghiên cứu tìm hiểu về thực trạng các hành vi nguy cơ tai nạn thương tích không chủ đích và bạo lực cũng như các yếu tố liên quan trong nhóm vị thành niên ở Việt Nam vẫn còn hạn chế. Nghiên cứu thực hiện nhằm mô tả thực trạng nhóm hành vi nguy cơ tai nạn thương tích không chủ đích tới sức khoẻ vị thành niên và các yếu tố liên quan tại Hà Nội năm 2019 Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu cắt ngang, sử dụng thiết kế chọn mẫu nhiều giai đoạn. Có tổng số 3.443 đối tượng là học sinh các trường THPT trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội đồng ý tham gia nghiên cứu. Số liệu được thu thập bằng hình thức phát vấn online thông qua phần mềm KoboToolbox, sau đó tổng hợp trên Microsoft Excel và được phân tích bằng phần mềm STATA 14.0. Kết quả: Có 14% học sinh trả lời rằng mình đã từng hút thuốc lá, 51,6% trả lời rằng mình đã từng uống rượu bia. Khoảng 6,9% vị thành niên trả lời rằng họ hiếm khi hoặc không bao giờ đội mũ bảo hiểm, 30% trả lời rằng họ từng ít nhất một lần sử dụng điện thoại và 8,2% thừa nhận rằng mình từng uống rượu bia sau đó điều khiển phương tiện giao thông. Liên quan tới nhóm các hành vi bạo lực, gần 4,8% học sinh đã từng mang theo vũ khí bên mình trong 30 ngày qua, 6,5% đã từng ít nhất 1 lần tham gia đánh nhau trong 12 tháng qua, 2,4% cho rằng mình đã từng ít nhất 1 lần bị lạm dụng tình dục và khoảng 11,6% học sinh cho rằng mình đã từng trải qua việc bị bắt nạt tại trường học. Hút thuốc (OR = 2,21), uống rượu bia (OR = 2,08) và buồn bã liên tục trong vòng 2 tuần (OR = 1,61) làm tăng nguy cơ thực hiện các hành vi nguy cơ dẫn tới tai nạn thương tích không chủ đích. Kết luận và khuyến nghị : Tỷ lệ vị thành niên tại Hà Nội có các hành vi nguy cơ có thể dẫn tới tai nạn thương tích không chủ đích cao. Các yếu tố như từng hút thuốc, uống rượu hoặc gặp các vấn đề về tâm lý làm gia tăng nguy cơ thực hiện các hành vi này. Chúng tôi khuyến nghị rằng gia đình và nhà trường cần các giáo dục, tuyên truyền cho vị thành niên về ý thức khi tham gia giao thông và tránh xa các chất gây nghiện, bên cạnh đó còn cần kịp thời phát hiện bạo lực học đường và có những hỗ trợ tâm lý kịp thời khi vị thành niên gặp các vấn đề về tâm lý

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