Kiến thức và thực hành sử dụng hóa chất bảo vệ thực vật của người nông dân tại huyện Kim Bảng, tỉnh Hà Nam năm 2015

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Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học Điều dưỡng, 2020

Mô tả vật lý: tr.120

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Mục tiêu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang nhằm đánh giá kiến thức và thực hành về sử dụng hóa chất bảo vệ thực vật của người nông dân tại xã Lê Hồ và Hoàng Tây huyện Kim Bảng, tỉnh Hà Nam năm 2015. Đối tượng vàphương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu được tiến hành trên 323 người nông dân có thực hành phun hóa chất bảo vệ thực vật trong vòng 3 tháng trước đó tính từ thời điểm phỏng vấn, sử dụng bộ câu hỏi định lượng được thiết kế sẵn. Kết quả: Tỷ lệ đối người nông dân có kiến thức đạt về sử dụng hóa chất bảo vệ thực vật chiếm 40,9% và thực hành đạt là 38,1%. Đáng lưu ý là chỉ có 13,9% người nông dân biết hóa chất bảo vệ thực vật có thể đi vào cơ thể qua đường tiêu hoá và 26,3% biết hoá chất có thể đi vào cơ thể qua da/mắt. Có 5,6% người nông dân biết hóa chất bảo vệ thực vật có thể tồn dư trong các sản phẩm nông sản. Về thực hành, có 78% người nông dân trộn nhiều loại hoá chất với nhau trong 1 lần phun. Chỉ có 9,0% người nông dân luôn mặc đầy đủ đồ bảo hộ lao động khi đi phun thuốc. 78% người nông dân vứt vỏ hoá chất ngay tại đồng ruộng sau khi phun và 80,2% xử lý hoá chất thừa bằng cách phun đi phun lại cho hết. Kết luận: Người nông dân chưa có kiến thức đầy đủ và phơi nhiễm với hóa chất bảo vệ thực vật do thực hành chưa phù hợp. Vì thế cần tăng cường các biện pháp truyền thông nhằm nâng cao kiến thức và thực hành cho người nông dân tại địa bàn nghiên cứu.Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed at studying knowledge and practices of using pesticides among farmers in Le Hoa and Hoang Tay commune, Kim Bang district, Ha Nam province in 2015. Method: Face to face interviews, which used a constructed questionnaire, was taken among 323 farmers to gather information about the knowledge and practices of participants. Results: the percentage of farmers having appropriate knowledge was 40,9% and 38,1% had appropriate practices. Noticeably, the percentage of farmers who understood that pesticides can enter their body through “digestion” took 13,9% and 26,9% knew that pesticides can transmit to their body via skin or eye contact. Just 5,6% of them are aware of pesticide residue in agriculture products. Regardless of practices, the results show that 78% of farmers mixed several pesticides in one spraying. Those who always wore adequate personal protective equipment gears during their spraying accounted for 9,0%. 78% of them disposed of empty pesticide containers at the fields after finishing their spraying and 80,2% of them reapplied pesticide left-over over their treated areas. Conclusion: Farmers had inadequate knowledge and were exposed to pesticides due to their inappropriate practices of using pesticides. It is, therefore, necessary to conduct health education programs to improve the knowledge and practices of farmers.

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