Among the countries fully liberalizing their telecommunicationssector, some have chosen to rely mainly on sector-specific rules,often applied by sector-specific institutions, while others havedepended on economywide antitrust rules and institutions to controlmarket power. This Note describes the choices made by five notablereformers: Australia, Chile, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and theUnited States. Drawing on their experiences, it then assesses whetherantitrust or sector-specific processes have dealt more quickly andeffectively with key regulatory issues.