Turkey is an upper middle-income country that has seen rapid economic growth and development over the last decade. In a relatively short period, it has essentially achieved universal health insurance (UHI) coverage of the population, high levels of financial protection and equity, and high and rising levels of consumer satisfaction, while significantly improving health outcomes. The universal health coverage (UHC) strategy, embedded in its Health Transformation Program (HTP), was initiated in 2003 to improve the effectiveness of the health system through improved governance, efficiency, and user and provider satisfaction.