Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are one of the major health and development challenges of our time, impacting not only higher income countries, but increasingly lower income ones as well. It is important to define an operational framework for addressing NCDs in low- and middle-income countries. The healthy longevity framework visualizes three main channels through which NCDs may impact end outcomes: (i) the macroeconomic/savings channel
(ii) the fiscal channel
and (iii) the human capital channel. Within the human capital channel, a life course perspective is vital as NCDs impact human capital from conception through to old age, and across generations. NCDs compromise the entire trajectory of HC, from its formation to deployment to protection and preservation.