This study provides guidance on World Bank involvement in Digital Communications Infrastructure (DCI) projects in which finance has been extended to support build-out. In particular, the study provides guidance to inform World Bank projects in Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Somalia and South Sudan where more than US billoin has been committed by the World Bank for improving digital infrastructure, services and skills. Through competitive procurement processes that engage private sector network operators, it is possible to amplify the funds available to countries by leveraging funds from network operators to ensure sustainable network deployment. The report looks at mechanisms such as reverse auctions, anchor tenant models, public-private partnerships and invstment guarantees to assess which work best in different marekt environments.